Period pain relief starts with knowing why cramps happen and which symptoms need medical review. Many people get lower-abdominal pain just before or during bleeding, and mild cramps often settle with heat, rest, gentle movement or suitable pain medicine.

Painful periods deserve attention when cramps feel stronger than usual, disrupt daily work or study, start later in life, or come with heavy bleeding, fever, pain during sex or bleeding between periods. In those situations, a gynaecologist can check whether menstrual cramps come from the usual hormone changes of the cycle or from a condition that needs treatment.

What Causes Period Cramps?

Period cramps happen when the uterus tightens to help shed its lining during a menstrual period. Doctors call period pain dysmenorrhoea, and ACOG explains that prostaglandins, hormone-like chemicals made in the uterine lining, trigger these contractions and can make cramps stronger when levels rise.

The NHS notes that period pain often starts around the beginning of a period and usually lasts up to three days. For you, the key question is whether the pain follows a familiar monthly pattern or whether it has changed enough to need a doctor’s opinion.

Type Of Period Pain	What Usually Drives It	What It May Mean For You
Primary dysmenorrhoea	Uterine contractions linked with prostaglandins	Cramps often start in the teenage years or early adulthood and may improve with home care or doctor-approved medicine.
Secondary dysmenorrhoea	A pelvic condition such as endometriosis, fibroids, adenomyosis or infection	Pain may worsen over time, start after years of easier periods or come with other symptoms that need evaluation.

This distinction helps you decide whether to manage familiar cramps at home or book a consultation for pain that feels different, severe or persistent.

Common Period Pain Causes That Need Attention

Once you understand the usual cramp mechanism, the next step is to recognise causes that may sit behind severe period pain. Mayo Clinic lists conditions such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis and pelvic inflammatory disease among possible causes of menstrual cramps.

● Endometriosis: Tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. This can cause painful periods, pelvic pain and pain during sex, and early evaluation may help your doctor plan symptom control.

● Adenomyosis: Tissue similar to the uterine lining grows into the muscle wall of the uterus. This may lead to heavy bleeding and painful cramps, which your doctor may assess with history, examination and imaging.

● Fibroids: Non-cancerous growths in or around the uterus can cause heavy bleeding, pelvic pressure and menstrual pain. Treatment depends on size, location, symptoms and your future pregnancy plans.

● Pelvic inflammatory disease: Infection can affect the uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries. If pelvic pain comes with fever, unusual discharge or pain during sex, medical care matters because infection may need antibiotics.

● IUD-related cramps: An intrauterine device can cause stronger cramps in the first few months after insertion for some people. If pain feels severe or continues, your doctor can check placement and rule out infection.

These conditions do not mean every painful period points to a disease, but they explain why changing or disabling pain deserves a proper review.

Period Pain Relief You Can Try At Home

For familiar cramps without warning signs, period pain remedies at home may help you feel more comfortable while your period passes. The NHS lists heat, gentle exercise and massage as self-care options that may ease period pain.

● Use heat on the lower abdomen: A warm water bottle, heat pad or warm bath may relax uterine muscle contractions and reduce cramp intensity. Keep heat comfortable rather than hot, and wrap a hot water bottle in cloth to protect your skin.

● Try gentle movement: Walking, stretching, yoga, swimming or cycling may help some people manage menstrual pain. Choose light activity if movement feels possible, and rest if pain or dizziness makes activity unsafe.

● Massage the abdomen or lower back: Gentle circular massage may reduce muscle tension around the lower abdomen and back. Stop if pressure increases pain.

● Drink fluids and eat light meals: Water, warm drinks and easy-to-digest food may help if cramps come with bloating or nausea. This does not treat the cause of cramps, but it may make the day easier.

● Rest when pain peaks: Sleep and short rest periods may help your body cope with discomfort. If pain repeatedly keeps you away from school, work or routine tasks, bring that pattern to a doctor rather than normalising it.

Home care works best for cramps that follow a known pattern and settle within a short time. If the pain keeps returning with greater intensity, the next step is to discuss medicine and evaluation.

Medicines And Medical Options For Menstrual Cramps

Medicines may help menstrual cramps, but the safest choice depends on your age, medical history, current medicines, pregnancy possibility and bleeding pattern. A doctor or pharmacist can guide you if you have asthma, kidney disease, stomach ulcers, heavy bleeding, blood thinner use or any concern about medicine safety.

Option	How It May Help	Safety Note
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen reduce prostaglandins, which may reduce cramp strength.	Use only if safe for you. Avoid self-medicating if you have ulcers, kidney disease, certain bleeding risks or allergy to these medicines.
Paracetamol	Paracetamol may help mild pain for some people.	Follow dose instructions and avoid combining products that already contain paracetamol.
Hormonal contraception	Pills, injections, implants or hormonal devices may reduce bleeding and cramps for some people.	A gynaecologist can help you decide whether this suits your health history and fertility plans.
TENS therapy	A TENS device uses mild electrical impulses and may help reduce pain for some people.	Ask a doctor before use if you have a pacemaker, epilepsy, pregnancy or skin concerns where pads would sit.

ACOG notes that NSAIDs may work best when taken at the first sign of menstrual bleeding or pain, or shortly before the period starts if cycles are predictable and your clinician says this is safe for you. If over-the-counter medicine does not help, or if you need pain medicine every cycle just to function, a gynaecology review can help find the next step.

When Severe Period Pain Needs A Gynaecologist

Severe period pain needs medical review when it disrupts routine life, changes from your usual pattern or comes with symptoms outside normal cramping. You do not need to wait for pain to become unbearable before asking for help.

Seek medical advice if you notice any of these patterns:

● Cramps that feel worse than usual or do not improve with suitable pain medicine

● Period pain that stops work, school, sleep or daily activities

● Periods that become heavier, longer or irregular

● Bleeding between periods or after sex

● Pelvic pain during sex, urination or bowel movements

● Fever, unusual vaginal discharge or pelvic tenderness

● New period pain after years of less painful cycles

● Unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite or abdominal swelling

Seek urgent medical care if pelvic pain is sudden, severe, linked with fainting or occurs with heavy bleeding, fever or a possible pregnancy. These signs may need prompt assessment to rule out infection, pregnancy-related complications or another urgent cause.

What To Expect During Evaluation

If you book a consultation for painful periods, your doctor will usually start by asking about your cycle pattern, pain timing, bleeding, medicines, sexual health, pregnancy possibility and past medical history. Clear answers help your doctor decide whether cramps fit primary dysmenorrhoea or whether tests may help.

Your doctor may advise a pelvic examination when appropriate, especially if symptoms suggest infection, fibroids, endometriosis or another pelvic condition. Depending on your symptoms, evaluation may include a urine test, pregnancy test, blood test, ultrasound or other imaging. Each test has a purpose: it helps your doctor look for causes that a painkiller alone would not address.

At Healing Hospital, Chandigarh, you can consult a specialist if painful periods need medical review or if you want guidance before trying a medicine or treatment option. You can book an appointment, find a doctor or speak to the care team to decide the right OPD route for your concern.

How To Track Pain Before Your Appointment

A simple period record gives your doctor better information than memory alone, especially if symptoms change across cycles. Tracking also helps you see whether home care works or whether pain keeps returning despite period pain remedies.

Write down these details for two or three cycles if you can do so safely:

● First day of bleeding and total bleeding days

● Pain location, timing and intensity

● Medicine name, dose and relief pattern

● Bleeding heaviness and clotting, if present

● Nausea, diarrhoea, dizziness or fatigue

● Pain during sex, urination or bowel movements

● Missed school, work or routine activities

If symptoms feel severe, do not wait months to complete a record. Bring whatever information you already have, and let your doctor guide the next step.

Conclusion

Period cramps often come from normal uterine contractions, but painful periods that change, worsen or interfere with life deserve medical attention. Heat, gentle movement, rest and suitable medicine may help familiar cramps, while severe period pain, heavy bleeding, fever, pain during sex or bleeding between periods needs a gynaecology review.

If menstrual pain needs medical review, book an appointment with a specialist at Healing Hospital, Chandigarh. A consultation can help you understand the likely cause, choose safe pain relief and decide whether any tests or treatment options are needed.

Need Expert Care for Period Pain?

Don't let severe or recurring period pain affect your daily life. The experienced Obstetrics & Gynaecology specialists at Healing Hospital can help diagnose the underlying cause and recommend the most appropriate treatment for lasting relief.

📞 Call Us: +91-9464343434, 01725088883
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🏥 Visit: Healing Hospital, Chandigarh